Positive-negative space and notan
Positive and negative space design the shapes around and within subjects; notan organizes the image into readable light and dark masses.
What it is
Positive space contains the subjects you draw, such as characters, props, buildings, and trees. Negative space is the empty shape around and between them, including sky gaps, limb openings, and floor shapes. You design both types of space as part of the composition.
Notan is a simplified light and dark design. It removes detail and material to show which areas belong to light or dark value masses. A notan may use 2 values or a few more, with the goal of a bold, readable pattern.
Check the composition as silhouettes, a notan, and a full painting. Squint, zoom out, or use a 2-value check layer to inspect subject separation, gaps between objects, and the arrangement of major light and dark areas.
Why it matters
Weak control can make figures merge with backgrounds, limbs fuse, and actions become difficult to read. A notan with scattered midtones can make the image feel flat and unfocused. Strong control supports distinct silhouettes, clear staging, and readability at thumbnail size or from across the room.
You can check it when
- ✓Reduce the piece to 2 to 3 flat values. The result still shows what is happening and what the image is about.
- ✓Trace the silhouettes of the character and major props. Each remains distinct from the background.
- ✓Inspect the gaps between limbs, figures, objects, and the frame edge. They form clear shapes without awkward slivers or tangents.
- ✓Flip or shrink the image. The dark and light pattern remains organized into large, purposeful masses.